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Nanophysics: A Study of Quantum Effects at the Nanoscale

Chief Editors:  Mr. Irshadullah Asim Mohammed, Dr. Yogesh Mohan Gosavi, and Prof. (Dr.) Vineeta Kaur Saluja

Associate Editor: Mrs. Sruthi S

Co-Editors: Dr. S. Rajeswari, Dr. Nikhil Saini, and Ms. Atreyee Banerjee

ISBN:  978-81-985805-1-1

Chapter: 53

Author: Dr. Sushil Kumar Pathak

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59646/mrnc53/321

Abstract

Nanophysics is a branch of physics that explores the unique quantum mechanical behaviors that emerge at the nanoscale, where classical mechanics often fails to describe physical phenomena accurately. As materials and devices shrink to nanometer dimensions, quantum effects such as electron confinement, tunneling, and quantized energy levels become prominent, significantly altering their electrical, optical, and thermal properties. This study examines key quantum phenomena observed in nanostructures, including quantum dots, nanowires, and thin films, emphasizing their implications for nanotechnology and advanced materials science. By leveraging these quantum effects, researchers have made groundbreaking advancements in fields such as nanoelectronics, quantum computing, and nanophotonics. The discussion also highlights challenges in nanofabrication, scalability, and theoretical modeling, which are critical for harnessing nanophysics for practical applications. Ultimately, understanding and controlling quantum effects at the nanoscale hold immense potential for revolutionizing diverse scientific and industrial domains, from energy storage to biomedical engineering.

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