Book Title: Computational Criminology: AI Applications in Forensic Science and Criminal Justice
Editors: Dr. Xavier Louis, Dr. Surbhi Girdhar, Ms. Aswathi Chandran Nair, Mr. Ravi Kumar, and Ms. Nandini Katare
Chapter: 29
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59646/704/29
Author: Anjali.P.Nair
Abstract
The governance of AI in law enforcement and forensic science is an irreducibly international challenge: AI tools are developed by multinational corporations, deployed across jurisdictional boundaries, and assessed against human rights standards that are global in aspiration if uneven in enforcement. This chapter surveys the major international governance frameworks applicable to law enforcement AI the EU AI Act, the Council of Europe’s Recommendation on AI in Criminal Justice, the UN Special Rapporteur’s privacy reports, and the emerging INTERPOL AI guidelines and evaluates their comparative effectiveness in addressing the principal risks identified across this volume: algorithmic bias, opacity, surveillance creep, erosion of due process, and the chilling of democratic freedoms. The chapter also examines the significant divergence between the comprehensive regulatory approach of the European Union and the sector-fragmented, litigation-dependent approach of the United States, and analyses the governance challenges posed by the export of surveillance technologies from authoritarian jurisdictions and the operation of facial recognition and social media monitoring across territorial boundaries.