Title: AI, Innovation and Global Transformation: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Technology, Business and Society
Editors: Dr. J. Preetha, and Dr. Siddhartha Mehrotra
ISBN: 978-81-69857-64-2
Chapter: 1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59646/809/01
Author: J. Beryl Jancy
Abstract
Extended Reality (XR), encompassing Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR), is transforming human–machine interaction by integrating digital information with physical and simulated environments. Spatial computing further extends this paradigm by enabling machines to understand, interpret, and respond to users, objects, environments, and spatial relationships in three-dimensional contexts. This chapter examines the role of XR and spatial computing in developing immersive, context-aware, multimodal, and human-centered interaction systems. A structured methodology is used to analyze interaction technologies, including head-mounted displays, hand and gesture tracking, eye tracking, voice interfaces, haptic feedback, spatial mapping, and artificial intelligence. Comparative results demonstrate that multimodal spatial interfaces can improve interaction efficiency, task awareness, and user engagement while reducing dependence on conventional keyboards, mice, and touchscreens. The discussion also addresses usability, accessibility, privacy, safety, computational requirements, interoperability, and ethical challenges. The chapter concludes by identifying future opportunities for intelligent, adaptive, collaborative, and emotionally aware human–machine interaction.
Keywords: Extended Reality, Spatial Computing, Human–Machine Interaction, Mixed Reality, Multimodal Interaction, Immersive Technology