Book Title: Modern Forensic Tools and Devices: Trends in Criminal Investigation
Editors: Mr. Ravi Kumar, Ms. Nandini Katare, Don Caeiro, and Dr. Surbhi Girdhar
Chapter: 11
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59646/658/11
Author: Aniket Patel
Abstract
The pervasive integration of artificial intelligence into modern law enforcement practices has ushered in a new era of investigative tools, with facial recognition technology emerging as a prominent example (Seppy, 2024). This technology, capable of identifying or verifying individuals from digital images or video frames, offers substantial potential for enhancing efficiency in criminal investigations. However, its deployment introduces complex challenges related to accuracy, inherent biases, and the urgent need for comprehensive regulatory frameworks to safeguard civil liberties. This chapter delves into these critical aspects, examining the technical underpinnings of facial recognition systems, exploring the documented instances of bias that compromise their reliability, and analyzing the evolving regulatory landscape designed to govern their use. Specifically, this includes an examination of how AI and machine learning principles contribute to the operational mechanics of these systems, alongside a critical assessment of their practical implications within the criminal justice system. The discussion will also address the ethical quandaries associated with such powerful surveillance tools, particularly concerning privacy rights and the potential for misuse.