Book Title: Innovative Approaches in Multidisciplinary Research and Development (IAMRD)
Chief Editors: Dr. Anil Kashinath Salunke and Dr. Rituraj Pant
Associate Editors: Prof. (Dr.) Sourav Madhur Dey and Dr. Amrutha Satheesan
Co-Editors: Dr. Souvik Sur and Dr. Phakir Singh
ISBN: 978-93-7183-004-1
Chapter: 4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59646/708/4
Authors: Dr. Deepali amb Prasad, and Dr. Sanjay Prasad
Abstract
Coexistence of sympatric mammalian species in shared environments is most often achieved by the use of microhabitats and niche partitioning. The aim of this research paper is to discuss the use of fine-scale habitat variations and resource differentiation in limiting interspecific competition and maintaining ecological balance, by co-occurring mammal species. It is focused on habitats use, feeding specialization, temporal activity and space segregation of sympatric mammalian communities in heterogenic ecosystems. A mixed-method approach is used that combines quantitative data from camera trapping, GPS tracking, and habitat surveys with qualitative data from ecological observations and secondary literature. Results show that sympatric mammals show a clear microhabitat preference, which is related to the vegetation structure, prey availability, predation risk, and environmental heterogeneity. Niche partitioning may be achieved in many ways, such as foraging height, feeding strategies, and the time of activity (diurnal, nocturnal, and crepuscular shifts), reducing species overlap. Some overlap remains, however, under conditions of resource availability as competition is limited by behavioural flexibility and adaptive habitat use. It also underscores that natural partitioning can be modified by anthropogenic activity (habitat fragmentation) and can result in a higher level of competition and/or possible displacement of sensitive species. The paper considers the ecological significance of niche differentiation in sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem stability, and conservational measures to promote habitat complexity and eliminate anthropogenic stresses as strategies to preserve biodiversity. In addition, interspecific interactions like competition and facilitation are important determinants in the spatial distribution and resource use pattern of sympatric mammalian species. Recognizing these dynamics is vital to forecasting community reactions to environmental change, and designing a sound management plan for conservation. The findings of this research help advance knowledge of species coexistence mechanisms and guide management and conservation practice for multi-species mammalian systems based on sound research.
Keywords: Microhabitat selection, niche partitioning, sympatric species, mammalian ecology, species coexistence, habitat use, interspecific competition, biodiversity, wildlife conservation, ecosystem dynamics