Book Title: Computational Criminology: AI Applications in Forensic Science and Criminal Justice
Editors: Dr. Xavier Louis, Dr. Surbhi Girdhar, Ms. Aswathi Chandran Nair, Mr. Ravi Kumar, and Ms. Nandini Katare
Chapter: 30
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59646/704/30
Author: Keziya R Chitteth
Abstract
This concluding chapter surveys the emerging technological landscape that will shape the next decade of AI in criminal justice and forensic science, focusing on the transformative potential of generative AI and large language models. It examines how foundational model architectures GPT-4 and successors, Claude, Gemini, and domain-specific variants are beginning to reshape legal practice, forensic workflows, investigative analysis, and policy research, while introducing novel risks including sophisticated deepfakes, AI-enabled fraud at scale, adversarial manipulation of forensic AI systems, and the acceleration of social engineering. The chapter synthesises the major themes of the volume accuracy, bias, transparency, accountability, privacy, and rights into an integrated framework for the responsible governance of AI in criminal justice, and argues that realising the genuine benefits of computational criminology while mitigating its harms requires not merely technical standards but a transformation of the institutional culture, professional norms, and democratic accountability mechanisms through which criminal justice exercises its authority to deprive individuals of liberty.